License help for Canadian engineers

Canadian First Class ME 
Engineering Knowledge

Brought to you by www.dieselduck.net comments to webmaster@dieselduck.net

Disclaimer

Transport Canada has ask us to advise users of this webpage to keep in mind that these questions are not the exact questions found in their exams. Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net is not affiliated with Transport Canada and these questions have been gathered from various sources.

A visitor reported that the following questions showed up on his exam in June 2007...

1. Sketch and describe a main lubricating oil pump. Which are the clearances to be checked?

2. How the shafting alignment is checked in a ship with main engine amidship?

3. Sketch and describe a centralized cooling system using plate heat exchangers.

4. You are the Chief Engineer of a ship with four engineers and six engine crew members. How would you set up a fire-fighting organization?

5. Describe the electric-welding process. State how the materials are prepared for this process. Describe the tests carried out to the weld.

6. With reference to bearings, what is abrasion, adhesion and corrosion? How do they occur and what is their effect the running of engine?

7. Discuss the presence of sulphur, vanadium, water and incombustible solids in the fuel oil.

8. Instructions have come to discard spare parts and to keep on board only the stock required as per international regulations. Write a letter to superintendent asking permission to keep on board some extra spare parts giving reasons for this.

Air Compressors

G01.  Care of an air compressor either 2 or 3 stage.  What attention is needed before opening up for inspection?

REF:MAR87

 

G02.  What faults are likely to develop in an air compressor and how are they remedied.

 

G03.  Explain the necessity of intercoolers on a multi-stage compressor.  What attention is required to keep them safe and in good working order?  Sketch and describe an intercooler suitable for a 2400 kPa compressor and state materials used.

REF:MAR83 REF:DEC90

 

G04.  Describe the construction of a 3 stage air compressor

1. give the temperatures and pressures at each stage

2. where are the drains

3. what type of oil is used and why

 

G05.  Describe a 3 stage air compressor.  Why is there a cooling system.  Sketch a cooler suitable for 2400 kPa

REF:JAN87 

 

G06.  Why are isothermal conditions desirable in an air compressor and adiabatic conditions in a diesel engine?  How are these conditions aided?  What physical properties prevent these conditions from being perfect?

 

G07.  Draw a combined indicator diagram of a 3 stage air compressor, and show the effects of intercooling.  Give the various pressures and temperatures.

 

G08.  How is the efficiency of an air compressor affected by the following:

1. excessive clearance volume

2. insufficient cooling water

3. restricted low pressure air supply

 

Shafting, Stern Tube and Bearings 

 

G09.  Explain how the ingress of sea water is prevented in an oil lubricated stern bearing system.  Should the system fail, describe the corrective action possible whilst the vessel is afloat.  State why two stern bearing oil header tanks are fitted in some instances?

 

G10.  Make a detailed sketch of the sealing arrangements for an oil-filled stern tube.  Describe the common forms of seal failure.  Explain how oil loss due to seal failure is restricted whilst on passage.  Describe how the seals are restored to their original effectiveness.  Give a reason other than the expense of oil loss why effective sealing is necessary.

 

G11.  Compare the merits and demerits of roller and plain bearings when used for main shafting.  Describe with sketches a roller bearing for main shafting.  Explain why the need to split main roller bearings creates problems and how they are overcome.  Give two reasons why roller bearings are rarely employed as stern bearings.

REF:JUN90

 

G12.  Sketch and describe a main bearing as fitted to a diesel engine.  How would it be remetalled on board ship in an emergency?

ANS:Pounder#5/695        REF:NSG7

 

G13.  Identify the chief causes of overheating in tunnel bearings and of vibration in main shafting.  Explain why the siting of the engine room amidships enhances these tendencies.  State how overheating and vibration may be reduced or eliminated.

 

G14.  Give two reasons for sludge formation in main lubricating oil systems.  Explain how bearing metal is attacked with particular reference to incompatibility between the oil and metal.  Explain the role of additives and state what normal practices must be suspended in order to maintain treated oils in their optimum condition.  Discuss the problems associated with the use of a multi-purpose lubricating oil.

 

G15.  By examining bearings, give the condition of lubricating oil in an engine.  State simple tests that may be performed aboard ship.  How would you keep lube oil in good condition.

REF:MAY90

 

G16.  With reference to main shaft bearings which are excessively loaded or very lightly loaded state for each condition what are the:

1. indications of the fault

2. effects on adjacent bearings

3. remedial steps

Explain why load distribution on main shaft bearings changes in service.

REF:OCT88 REF:NOV89

 

G17.  Discuss the merits and demerits of shell and pad shaft bearings.  How is shafting alignment checked with What is the effect of tailshaft weardown on the adjacent shaft bearings.

REF:MAR92

 

G18.  How is the weardown of a tail shaft checked?  How often is it taken?  Where would you find previous readings?  What maximum weardown would you allow for a 250 mm diameter shaft?

REF:NSG4

 

G19.  Describe the procedure in lining up an engine bedplate, main bearings, gear box, thrust block, propeller shafting and tail-end shaft, assuming this to be a new ship.

REF:NSD8

 

G20.  With reference to shell and pad bearings which are excessively loaded or very lightly loaded state for each condition what are the:

1. indications of the fault

2. effects on adjacent bearings

3. remedial steps

Explain why load distribution on bearings changes in service.

REF:MAR91

 

G21.  Sketch and describe a single collar thrust block.  How is lubrication effected?  What pressure can be carried as compared with a multi-collar thrust?

REF:NSG3

 

G22.  Give a reasoned opinion as to the accuracy of the following statements:

1. the effectiveness on a main thrust block is only as good as its seating arrangements

2. pivoted pads are not necessary in thrust bearing design

3. fore and aft clearance between shaft collar and pads is of little consequence

 

General

G23.  How is the position of the engine fixed in a ship?  How is the engine aligned?  How is the engine secured to floors or tanktop. (sketch method).  What is a crankshaft deflection and how is it done.

REF:NOV88 REF:MAY89

REF:MAR91 REF:NSH7

 

G24.  What is the purpose of a cofferdam.  Where are they located?  Name all their fittings.  How are they entered?

REF:JAN87 REF:   90

 

G25.  Sketch and describe a diesel electric propulsion system.  Mention disadvantages and advantages.

REF:JUN88

 

G26.  Describe 4 types of stress.  Give an example of each in a boiler and an engine.

REF:JAN87

 

G27.  Regarding air receivers and boilers, what is the nature and intent of stresses in the longitudinal and circumferential seams.  State the rules that apply.

REF:NSH1

 

G28.  Explain fatigue and thermal stresses.  State 2 examples of each an encountered on a diesel ship.  How are they dealt with.  Give 2 examples of each.

REF:FEB91

 

G29.  Sketch and describe a stockless anchor illustrating the method or device used to attach it to the chain cable.  When the anchor and cable are ranged during the ships underwater survey what parts require special attention and what defects are likely to be discovered?

 

G30.  Describe and sketch an axial flow pump.  Explain it's principle of operation.  State what important advantage and serious disadvantage it possesses compared to other pumps. Explain the effects of throttling either the suction or discharge valve.

 

G31.  Describe the auxiliary machinery that would be required for safe and efficient operation of a large motor ship. Describe the size and capacity of the pumps.  State the type and size of ship (cargo / passenger).

REF:MAR83 REF:JAN86

REF:JAN87

 

Fuel & Combustion

G32.  What are the conditions required in the cylinders of a marine diesel engine for good combustion.  Under normal working conditions the following may occur:

1. black smoke

2. white smoke

3. blue smoke

What may be the suspected cause for each case to occur?  What would be the remedy for it?

REF:JAN87 REF:JUN88

REF:DEC88

 

G33.  What is meant by the term "closed flashpoint" of an oil?  Describe a test to determine its value.  State any factors that limit the temperature of heating for marine fuels.  Give the approximate closed flashpoint of:

1. petrol (gasoline)

2. paraffin

3. boiler fuel oil

REF:NSJ7

 

34.  What is the chemical composition of coal?  Give the average calorific value of coal.  Describe the chemical process when coal is burned in air.

REF:JUL88 REF:NSB9

 

G35.  Give the calorific values of anthracite and bituminous coals.  What are the chemical compositions of this coal?

REF:NSE4

 

G36.  Discuss any form of the following:

1. flashpoint

2. viscosity

3. calorific value

4. conradson carbon

5. pour point

6. fire point

REF:NSE7

 

G37.  What is meant by the "flash point of oil?  How is it obtained?  What are the approximate closed flash points of the following fuels:

1. diesel oil

2. bunker oil

3. kerosene

4. gasoline

REF:NSF1

 

Heat Exchangers and Coolers

G38.  With reference to a tubular heat exchanger:

1. why is ferrous sulphide being used in place of impressed current

2. where are TEFLON inserts being used

3. what type of material is used for the tubes

REF:JAN90

 

G39.  With reference to multitubular heat exchangers explain:

1. how and where impingement attack is likely to occur in the tubes

2. Why is it desirable that coolant flow rate should not exceed that required to maintain correct fluid temperature

3. ample well-shaped water boxes and smooth tube inlets are desirable

4. partial obstruction of tube bore is a common cause of tube failure

REF:MA80

 

G40.  With reference to tubular heat exchangers explain:

1. how differential movement tubes and body is accommodated when the tube plates are rigidly located in the body

2. how and why turbulence is imparted to fluid flow through the tubes

3. why it has become possible to discard sacrificial anodes in sea water coolers

4. what is meant by the term 'guided flow', with particular reference to oil heaters

 

G41.  Considering erosion and corrosion in a heat exchanger system give the effects of :

1. velocity

2. welding and brazing

3. temperature variations

REF:MAY90

 

G42.  Sketch and describe a plate type cooler.  Explain how leakage is prevented.  State one advantage and one disadvantage it possesses over the tubular type.

REF:FEB91 REF:MAR91

 

G43.  With reference to heat exchangers define what is meant by the terms 'parallel flow' and 'contra flow'.  Give two advantages and two disadvantages of each type of flow.  State an application for which each is most suitable.  Describe how the 'fall off' in efficiency of heat exchangers may be effectively countered.

REF:JUN90

 

G44.  Discuss the different type of coolers:

1. sinuflow flow

2. cross flow

3. straight flow

4. reversing flow

Sketch and describe how constant salt?? water temperature is maintained in a system.

REF:MAY90

 

G45.  Discuss recent developments in the protection of the hull from the effects of corrosion.  Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various types of hull cleaning  procedures indicating your position with respect to the merits or demerits of cleaning the hull while the vessel is afloat.

 

G46.  Discuss the merits and demerits of employing either a soluble oil or a chromate solution as a corrosion inhibitor in the cooling system of a diesel engine.

ANS:Henchall/193

 

Boilers 

G47.  Describe any method of boiler feed treatment you are familiar with.  What chemicals are used, and how is scale prevented?

REF:MAR87

 

G48.  Describe how you would test boiler water for:

1. alkalinity

2. chlorides.

State the values obtained from the tests that would be considered suitable for a water tube boiler.  If the test results were unsatisfactory, what remedial action would you take?

REF:NSE9

 

G49.  Give composition of boiler scale.  If you had to use seawater in the boiler, explain what steps would be required to maintain a reasonable level of impurities.  What level of impurities would you try to maintain?

REF:JAN90

 

G50.  What is caustic embrittlement?

 

G51.  What is a salinomitor?

 

Instruments and Gauges 

G52.  Sketch and describe a thermo-couple pyrometer.  Where are thermocouple pyrometers fitted on steam and motor ships?

REF:NSB2

 

G53.  Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a device used to measure the depth of oil in a tank.  The instrument in the question may be used without opening the tank.  Does the specific gravity of the oil have any effect on the reading of this gauge.

REF:NSF6

REF:NSI3

 

G54.  What gas would be found in the following compartments and how could their effects be minimized?

1. battery room

2. refrigeration chamber

3. empty ballast tank

4. paint store room

5. fuel tank

 

G55.  State what is the purpose of each of the following items in a machinery control system:

1. portable mercury manometer

2. portable inclined-tube manometer

3. portable temperature potentiometer

4. compressor and vacuum pump

Describe in detail any two of these items.

REF:JUL88

 

G56.  Using a cathode ray oscilloscope for obtaining indicator diagrams from main engines describe and state the manner in which it may be used to illustrate certain important features, such as combustion process etc.

 

G57.  Describe 2 different types of pressure gauges that work by an elastic system.  Give an example of what each is used for.  Explain how one of these is calibrated.

REF:MAY88 REF:NOV88

REF:NOV89 REF:JAN90

 

G58.  Sketch and describe:

1. a dynamometer

2. a torsion meter

REF:JUL88 REF:FEB91

 

G59.  Describe a torsion meter and show how it is used to find shaft horse power.

REF:NSC7

 

G60.  Describe a dynamometer as used to find brake horse power  of an engine.  After determining the B.H.P. how would you find the mechanical efficiency?

REF:NSD2

REF:NSF7 REF:JUL88

 

G61.  Regarding remote control sensing devices of either electrical or pneumatic type, name two advantages and two disadvantages of each. Which device would be used for:

1. lube oil pressure

2. bearing temperature

3. tank level indicators.

What precautions are taken in hazardous areas?

REF:OCT89 REF:NOV89

 

G62.  Sketch and describe a fuel meter used with high viscosity fuel.  Explain how it operates.  Explain the value of the readings obtained and how they are used.

 

Steering 

G63.  Sketch and describe an electro/hydraulic steering system.  How is emergency steering carried out?

REF:JAN87

 

G64.  With reference to ram type electro-hydraulic steering gears explain:

1. why four rams are provided in many instances

2. with sketches the arrangement of the crosshead rapson slide and its principle of operation

3. why the telemotor receiver is spring loaded and the effect on steering of spring failure

REF:MAY88 REF:NOV88

REF:DEC88 REF:JAN90

 

G65.  Examine in detail three common but entirely different reasons for loss of steering.  State how failure is inhibited in the design, operation and maintenance of steering gear systems.  Describe how a vessel may make port upon irreparable failure of the steering telemotor.

REF:JAN90 REF:MAR92

 

G66.  Describe how you would remove air from a telemotor system.  What are the dangers of air in a telemotor system?

REF:NSB5

 

G67.  Explain how the following steering gear faults are corrected:

1. pronounced sluggishness

2. excessive hunting

3. persistent overloading of pump motor

4. purge system of air

REF:FEB89 REF:FEB91

 

G68.  How is the vertical movement restricted on a rudder and how is it accommodated in the steering gear?  How is the weight of the rudder transferred to the ship?

REF:JUN90

 

G69.  Sketch and describe an electro-hydraulic steering geas as fitted on board ship and indicate emergency steering methods.  How is the weight of rudder supported?

REF:NSD3

 

G70.  Fully describe a steering gear you are familiar with. How are shock loads prevented? Explain hunting gear.

REF:MAR86

 

G71.  Describe fully any type of hydraulic steering gear with which you are familiar.  Explain its operation and how it's movements are controlled from the bridge.

REF:NSF4

 

G72.  What provision is made to avoid damage to steering engines when they aare situated adjacent to the rudder stock? Describe a steering system showing how it is controlled from the bridge.  What is the hunting gear?  Describe its action.

REF:NDE3

 

Fire Firefighting Systems

G73.  With reference to firefighting in machinery spaces compare the advantages and disadvantages of:

a) high expansion foam

b) high pressure water spray

REF:JAN90 REF:MAY91

 

G74.  In respect to firefighting why is

a) dry chemical powder preferable to sand

b) mechanical foam preferable to chemical foam

c) Halon 1301 preferable to CO2

d) light water foam (A.F.F.F.) preferabel to high expansion foam

REF:JUN90 REF:MAR92

 

G75.  What preventative measures should be taken against the out-break of fire in an oil burning vessel?  How would you proceed to subdue such an oil fire?  Describe with the aid of a sketch, a foam type portable fire extinguisher.

REF:NSF8

 

G76.  Make a detailed list of all fire-fighting equipment on the last ship in which you sailed.  Sketch the layout of engine room and boiler room, placing the equipment in their respective positions.

REF:NSJ3

 

G77.  What is meant by the term "permeability" in relation to fire prevention?

 

G78.  State why a CO2 fixed fire smothering system requires periodical inspection and service.  Define the advantages and disadvantages of this system over other fixed systems.

REF:FEB80

 

G79.  What is done to prevent explosions in:

a) air starting lines

b) air compressors

c) engine crankcases

REF:JAN87

 

G80.  Explain the advantages and disadvantages of an inert gas smothering system from flue gasses compared to an inert-gas generator.  Explain why an inert gas generator is more advantageous. Why is it unsuitable for use in machinery spaces?

REF:NOV88 REF:OCT89

 

G81.  With reference to safety of personnel describe the correct method of dealing with the following:

a) entering a cargo pumping room when pumping crude petroleum

b) overhauling a pump that has been used for pumping hazardous chemicals.

c) entering a hold that has carried citrus fruit.

REF:JAN90 REF:APR91

 

G82.  Sketch and describe an inert gas system using exhaust gas from main uptake:

a) scrubber and its process

b) safety devices

REF:DEC88

 

G83.  Sketch and describe an inert gas system from boiler uptakes.  Explain why this system cannot be used for firefighting.

REF:NOV89

 

G84.  Describe with sketches a fixed fire smothering installation incorporating 'bulk storage' of carbon dioxide. Make special reference to the following points:

a) calculation of the quantity of carbon dioxide to be stored

b) protection against leakage of the main stop valve

c) alarm system for warning personnel of release

d) maintenance of correct pressure and liquid level in storage tank

 

G85   More questions like these can be found on Martin's Marine Engineering Page, click to www.dieselduck.net.

                        

G85.  Compare the relative merits of infra red, ultra violet and combustion gas (ionization) type fire detectors for use in machinery spaces.  Explain why a combination of these types is more desirable than any one type individually.

 

G86.  What are the probable causes of fire breaking out in the engine room of a ship using oil fuel?  What precautions are taken to avoid this?  Describe a system of detecting fire aboard ship and the method of preventing fire breaking out? Discuss firefighting methods aboard ship.

REF:NSE5 REF:NSG8

 

G87.  What equipment is fitted on an oil burning vessel?  How is it used to fight a bilge fire in the engine room.

 

G88. A ship has been grounded and damaged severely under the engine room.  After completion of repairs, what steps would you take to ensure that the machinery is in a condition ready to be operated.

REF:JAN87 REF:NSC8

 

G89.  Describe an automatic sprinkler and alarm system which is effective for protection against fire in all parts of a passenger ship.  The system is to be of the "dry pipe" type. Explain the operation and how it is reset.

REF:NSI1

 

G90.  Sketch and describe an automatic sprinkler system as fitted on board ship and indicate in what locations sprinkler heads are fitted.

REF:NSD1

 

G91.  Describe a combined smoke detecting and CO2 fire extinguishing system.

 

G92.  Describe a CO2 fire extinguishing system.  How is it operated?  What precautions whould be taken before using? What must be done to make it fully effective? What is permeability with regard to fire extinguishing equipment?

REF:NSC2

 

G93.  Using a line diagram describe a fire smothering system which draws inert gas from the funnel, that is the exhaust of the main engine or boilers.  Can such a system be used for extinguishing engine room fires.  What are the time-related problems inherent with inert gas systems and how are they overcome.

REF:NSA9

 

G94.  Describe the bulk CO2 fire extinguishing system and precaution for:

a) warning personnel

b) prevent valve leakage

c) alarm if control panel opened

REF:DEC89

 

G95.  Describe a CO2 fire extinguishing system.  In your estimation, what volume of gas would be obtained from a kilogram of liquid CO2 .  What minimum amount would be required for a machinery space expressed on a % basis?

REF:NSI6

 

G96.  What precautions are taken on an oil burning ship and how would you deal with a fire?  Sketch and describe a portable fire extinguisher.

 

G97.  Discuss the factors contributing to the initiation and propogation of fires in the cavenge system of a diesel engine and the method of operation required to mitigate such an occurrence.

 

G98.  Re: fire detection state the differences between cargo spaces and machine spaces.  What types of devices are used and why.  How are these devices tested.  Where are the devices located?

REF:JUN90 REF:APR91

 

G99.  A rating is killed in the engine room.  Write a letter to your head office as to how this happened, and precautions against reoccurrence.

REF:MAY90 REF:MAR91

 

G100.  The vessel of which you are Chief Engineer suffers a grounding.  Write a report to the Superintendent of the company about the surveys and inspections subsequently carried out when the vessel was dry-docked in a foreign port.

REF:MAR91 REF:NSE8

 

G101.  You are the chief engineer of a vessel that has suffered a minor fire in the engine room that burned off the wiring to essential pumps temporary repairs were made to get vessel underway.  Write a letter to the company head office describing the incident and what arangements have been made to effect a permanent repair at the next port of call.

REF:APR91

 

G102.  You have been chief engineer on a new ship for 1 year with fully automatic U.M.S. operation.  You were previously chief engineer on the sister ship with manual operation. Write a letter to head office and discuss the advantages and disadvantages.  Highlight any instances in which automatic was superior to manual operation.

REF:FEB90 REF:JUL90

REF:FEB91

 

G103.  Although your vessel is engaged upon a regular trade the specific fuel consumption has notable increased whilst the average speed has correspondingly decreased in comparison to previous voyages.  As chief engineer report to head office your investigations findings and measures to correct this tendency.

REF:JUN90 REF:MAY91

 

G104.  Your ship shows much more fuel consumption than her sister ship.  Write a letter to your manager explaining the reasons.

REF:NOV89

 

G105.  It has been found necessary to completely replenish all of the oil in the lubricating system of a large motorship.  (or steam turbine ship).  As chief engineer write a detailed report to the Superintendent Engineer justifying this heavy expenditure, the expendiencies required to prevent further trouble during the voyage, and suggestions for permanent measures to avoid recurrence of the initial problem.

REF:DEC89 REF:NSA5

 

G106.  You had to discharge to shore 200 tonnes of emulsified and contaminated fuel oil.  You had attempted to regrevate and purify this oil bat were unsuccessful.  Write a report to your head office explaining the above, how the oil became emulsified and contaminated, and what steps have been taken to prevent a re-occurrance.

REF:NOV88

 

G107.  As chief engineer prepare a list of the operating and maintenance procedures you would institute for the care of the main engine giving reasons for each procedure and the trouble likely to arise from neglect of such procedures.

 

G108.  Arrange a fire party with 6 ratings 3 engineers besides yourself for an engine room fire.

REF:JAN87 REF:NSH5

 

G109.  Write a letter to the ship owner or superintendent engineer describing an engine breakdown with suggestion for avoiding a recurrence.

 

G110.  What type of engine is fitted in motor lifeboats? What planned maintenance measures are carried out?  Describe how you would start a lifeboat engine.

REF:NSG9

 

G111.  Describe the following metal properties:

a) ductility

b) brittleness

c) malleability

d) elasticity

e) plasticity

f) hardness

g) strength

h) toughness

 

G112.  Define the following terms

a) stress corrosion

b) corrosion fatigue

c) crevice corrosion

d) creep

e) upper critical point

f) lower critical point

 

G113.  Describe in detail each of the following processes and give an example where each is likely to occur in marine engineering:

a) corrosion fatigue

b) stress corrosion

c) creeping cracks

d) casting cracks.

State how in each case the initiation of the process is prevented or minimized.

REF:JUN90 REF:APR91

 

G114.  Write a short essay on the corrosion of the ferrous metals.  What methods may be adopted to prevent or retard corrosion?

REF:NSA4

 

G115.  Describe a tensile test made on a specimen steel bar. Give a definition of each of the following:

a) elongation

b) yield point

c) ultimate stress

d) reduction in area

REF:NOV88 REF:NSG5

 

G116.  Various tests are carried out on material used for boiler construction.  With reference to these tests, explain the following terms:

a) elongation

b) yield point

c) area reduction

d) ultimate stress

REF:NSB4

 

G117.  What is meant by the mechanical properties of the metals used in Marine Engineering?  What is meant by:

a) elongation

b) ultimate stress

c) yield point

d) permanent set

REF:NSD9

 

G118.  Define creep failure. State the material used for the following:

a) superheater support and bolts

b) main support and bolts

c) turbine blade

REF:DEC88

 

G119.  Briefly describe the tests made on a piece of metal to determine its suitability for use in engineering.  Explain clearly what is meant by any four of the following metallurgical terms:

a) work hardening

b) case hardening

c) annealing

d) normalizing

e) yield point

f) creep

REF:MAY90

 

G120.  Explain the process of annealing, tempering and case hardening.  Give two examples of each on an engine.

REF:MAY90

 

G121.  With reference to steel, what is meant by the following terms:

a) annealing

b) tempering

c) case hardening

Describe how these processes are carried out.

REF:NSF9

 

G122.  Discuss tempering and annealing.  How would you anneal:

a) stern frame

b) old copper pipe

What is the difference between case-hardening and tempering

REF:DEC89 REF:NSG2

 

G123.  State the chemical composition of the following metals and give their physical properties:

a) babbit's metal

b) stainless iron

c) stainless steel

d) monel metal

State a use for each of these metals in marine practice.

 

G124.  Give the average composition of white metal.  What is its melting point?  What are the advantages of using it? What pressure will it stand and at what pressure will it give?

REF:NSC6

 

G125.  State physical properties of the following and give example where they may be used:

a) muntz metal

b) phosphor bronze

c) aluminium bronze

d) cupro nickel

 

G126.  What are the metallurgical compositions and mechanical properties for:

a) nodulous cast iron

b) high tensile steel

c) titanium

Why does a ship yard use these?

REF:MAY88

 

G127.  State the approximate proportion of carbon contained in cast iron and cast steel. Mention the forms in which the carbon may occur therein.  Compare the physical properties of these two metals and name some of the more important parts of machinery for which cast steel is used.

 

G128.  Name 3 methods of making steel and describe one fully.

 

G129.  Define teh following types of non-destructive methods of testing:

a) radiographic

b) ultrasonic

c) magnetic particle

d) dye penetrant

Give their advantages and disadvantages

REF:FEB80 REF:MAR92

 

G130.  Describe the open hearth process of manufacturing mild steel.  What is the difference between acid and basic mild steel?  Compare mild steel with cast iron and state in an engine where each is used. Why is open hearth steel preferred to bessimer steel?

REF:OCT87 REF:OCT89

REF:NOV89 REF:MAR86

REF:NSD7

 

G131.  Enumerate the factors that should be considered when choosing between a sand-casting process and a die-casting process.  Describe with aid of a sketch the sand-casting process showing the pattern in the flask and the names of the parts.

REF:NSA2

 

G132.  Give the physical make up and properties of metals for the following:

a) cylinder liner of a diesel engine

b) exhaust valve

c) crankshaft

e) boiler tube plate

REF:JUN90 REF:NSH9

 

G133.  Compare the advantages of forged and built-up crankshafts with special reference to the magnitude of the stresses in the cranks.  How would you check the deflections by means of a dial gauge through one revolution of the shaft? How are the readings obtained interpreted?  How is weardown measured?

REF:NSE6

 

G134.  You are appointed Chief Engineer of a 20 year old ship and are required to carry out an extensive survey of teh main propelling machinery.  State what defects you would expect to find and what corrective measures you would take.

REF:NSB1

 

G135.  Define the responsibilities of a chief engineer:

a) immediatly prior to dry-docking

b) whilst the dock is dry

c) immediately prior to and after flooding

d) leaving the dock

Draft a list of standing orders to the engine department for

that period that the vessel is on the blocks.

REF:FEB80 REF:NSJ2

 

G136.  How would you know if there were cracks in cylinder heads or liners.  What would you do?

REF:JAN87

 

G137.  A several year old steel ship has been laid up for some time and is going into drydock for inspection of the double bottom tank. state the precautions you would take. What would you expect to find?

REF:APR91

 

G138.  Any proposal to operate a machinery space in the periodically unattended condition must be taken into account the danger of fire, flooding and failure of supervisory equipment. Describe how possibility of the latter two hazards may be minimized, detected and brought to the attention of the designated watch keeper.

REF:JUN90

 

G139.  Give a reasoned statement as to why pre-heating of a lubricating oil is very advantageous with respect to a centrifugal purifier.  Explain why an extreme pressure oil and similar lubricants can only be purified in a clarifier.

REF:NOV88 REF:DEC88

 

G140.  Give reasoned concerns you would have when the clutch slips on a lube oil purifier other than the problem of overheating.

REF:APR91

 

G141.  Compare the advantages and disadvantages of dynamic separation and static separation disregarding time.  Why is a centrifugal separator not suitable for a bilge and ballast system?  What governs and limits the discharge overboard?

REF:OCT89 REF:NOV89

 

G142.  Describe a bilge system suitable for a ship with cellular double bottoms.  By means of a simple sketch, show the positions of pumps, manifolds, suctions, etc.

REF:NSB7

 

G143.  Describe in detail a manifold and valves for a bilge suction system.  Name the materials used and explain how a pipe is led through a watertight bulkhead.

REF:NSI9

 

G144.  Describe a bilge pumping system for a cellular double-bottom ship.  With the aid of a line diagram, show all suction manifolds and compartments.

REF:NSC5

 

G145.  Describe an arrangement for filling and discharging ballast and double bottom tanks.  What types of valves are used and why?  Sketch a typical system.  State the size of piping and pump capacity.  Name the materials used.

REF:NSG6

 

G146.  Discuss the advantages of dynamic separation of oil over static separation other than time.  What part does the cylinder rotor with cone shaped discs play in the separation

process?

REF:OCT88 REF:DEC88

REF:MAR92

 

G147.  With regards to lube oil purifier, explain why a large number of conical discs are fitted in the purifier.

REF:NOV89

 

G148.  Discuss with reasons the one statement that is not correct regarding oily water separators.

a) test cocks are situated to locate the oil-water interface

b) separational rate is inconsequential

c) overboard discharge is inconsequential

d) rise in temperature assist in the separation process

e) rate of separation is unrestricted

REF:JUL80 REF:JAN90

 

G149.  Sketch and describe the function and operation of an oily water separator.  What are the penalties for polluting harbour waters?

REF:NSC9

 

G150.  With reference to oily water separators:

a) outline the routine attention needed to maintain satisfactory performance

b) define the contribution of test cocks towards functional efficiency

c) give 2 reasons why oil might be carried over with the water

REF:MAR91

 

G151.  Why are baffle plates, coagulator positive displacement rotary pumps and not centrifugal pumps used with oily water separators

REF:MAY91

 

G152.  With reference to fire or explosion explain the significance of the following properties of a flammable gas:

a) vapor pressure

b) explosive limits

c) flash point

d) density

 

G153.  Define viscosity and flashpoint.  State suitable numbers for lube oil.

REF:JAN87

 

G154.  What would be the effects of water contamination of fuel oil and lubricating oil? Describe a test for detecting the presence of water in oil.  Discuss methods of separating water from oil.

REF:86;87;88 REF:NSJ5

 

G155.  What impurities are found in lubricating and fuel oils.  What effects do these impurities have on a diesel engine?

REF:JUN83

 

G156.  With reference to crankcase lubricating oil discuss the following:

a) acidity

b) dilution by fuel oil

c) water leakage

Describe tests that could be made to detect the foregoing contamination

 

G157.  State why the temperature of lubricating oil supplied to an engine needs close control.  Sketch and describe an arrangement and explain the principle of operation of instrumentation and control equipment for automatically maintaining the temperature of lubricating oil supplied to an engine at its desired value.